Geographical clock.



Nil-94,256. Patented Feb. 25, I902.

A. .1. DAY. GEOGRAPHICAL GLQGK. (Application filed. June 20, 18 99.)

(No Model.) 6 Sheats-Sheet l.

No. 694,256. Patented Feb. 25, I902.

A. J. DAY.

GEOGRAPHICAL CLOCK.

(Application filed June 20, 1899.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

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No. 694,256. Patented Feb. 25, I902.

1 A. J. DAY.

GEOGRAPHICAL CLOCK.

(Application filed June 20, 1899.)

6 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

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No. 694,256. Patented Feb. 25, 1902.

A. JLDAY,

GEOGRAPHICAL CLOCK. (Application-filed June 2o, 11199. (No llodol.) 6Sheets-Shoat 4.

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"0. $94,256. Patented FBI). 25, I902.

' A. J. DAY.

GEUGRAPHWAL CLOCK.

(Application filed June 20, 1899.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets$hadt 5.

No. 694,256. Patented Feb. 25, I902 A. .1. DAY.

GEOGRAPHICAL CLOCK.

(Application filed June 20, 1899.)

6 Sheets $heet 6.

(No Model.)

ya: uunms PETERS ccq'mow-umo" WASNINGTON. o. c.

UNITED STATES ATENT" OFFICE."

ANDREW JOHN DAY, OF EXETER, SQUTII AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA.

GEOGRAPHICAL CLOCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 694,256, dated February25, 1902. Application filed June 20,1899. Serial No. 721,265 (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, ANDREW JOHN DAY, watchmaker, a subject of the Queenof Great Britain and Ireland, and a resident of Semaphore road, Exeter,in the State of South Australia, Australia, have invented a certain'newand useful Horological Apparatus for Indicating Local Standard Time andUniversal Zone- Time and for Finding the Time at all Parts of the World,of which the following is a specification. s

Figure 1 is a representation of a dial with a meridian-index constructedaccording to my invention. Fig. 2 is a representation of the radiant andequatorial circle attached thereto. Fig. 3 is a view of the face of thetimekeeper or time-finder complete with the local-hour hand, theradiant, and the equatorial circle and the minute-hand attached. In thisfigure for the sake of clearness the shading in the center of the dialand the numbers of the degrees on the equatorial circle are omitted.Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing the attachment of the radiant and thehour-hand to the hour-wheel. Fig. 5shows a" folding case having atime-finder on one side and a map with the twenty-four time zones markedthereon on the other side. In this figure for the sake of clearness theshading in the center of the dial is omitted. Fig. 6 represents a globeto which a time-finder is attached at the southern pole. In this arrangement there are no disks on the radiant. Fig. 7 is the view of theface of a timekeeper or time-finder on which the names of the principalplaces in each time zone are exhibited.

Similar letters refer to similar parts in all the figures.

In Figs. 5, 6, and '7 for the sake of clearnes's the words ante meridianand post meridian are omitted. v

The object of this invention is by one instrument and with one dial toindicate standard time at allparts of the world and also to indicate thepoint on 'the equator at which the sun is at its meridian and enable themean time to be calculated therefrom by a simple well-known formula. Itis to be used in connection with an ordinary map or globe, and thezone-time system, which consists in dividing the earth (the equatorbeing a circle of three hundred and sixty degrees) into twenty-fourzones of fifteen degrees of space ,each measured east and west and equalto one hour of time each, and thus as the earth revolves on its axisonce in twenty-four hours the twenty-fourpointers, constructed and0perated as hereinafter described, in combina- With the minute-hand,(the minutes being universal,) indicate thetime in each and all oftwentyfour time zones. A circle is attached to the under side of thepointers, hav= ingthe three hundred and sixty degrees of the equatormarked thereon, and an index, called the meridian-index, depends fromthe noon XII on the dial. The indexshows onthe dial at any moment theactual meridian and its longitude. It will be obvious that by theapplication of a simple well-known formula-the mean time at any placecan be calculated fromthe above.

Although to find the times of every place in the world a map or globe isrequired, I

would point out that for a limited number of places theexact time can beindicated without any such map or globe by marking, according to'theirzone locality, as many names of places as there is room for upon eachzone- -pointer. -Thus, for instance, upon a large clock or time-finderall the principal towns in N013 zone could be marked upon No. 3 pointer,while upon watches or small dials the number would be limited, andwithout any names on the pointers a map or globe would be used. In shipsand travelers clocks, which are constantly being moved from place toplace, the alteration of hands may be entirely avoided by using azone-indicator-,which may consist of a roller or table. This can beadjusted from time to time, so as to show when set, according tolongitude, the number of time zone in which the vessel or traveler islocated. The number thus indicated will be the number of the pointerwhich will give the hour-time.

In applying this invention I employ a dial or diagram oftwenty-fourhourswith a don ble set of Roman or other numerals I to XIIin one and the same circle in combination with a radiant, as hereinafterdescribed. For the purpose of distinguishing the pe- -riods-such asnight, noon, morning, and

evening-the background of the dial may be toned from blackat the lowernight XII to a light shade or color at the upper or noon XII. In furthercarrying out the same purpose a moon or disk in white or light colorappears adjacent to the night XII and may have the word Night displayedupon it, a sun-disk adjacent to the noon XII having the word Noon uponit, stars with Morning and Evening thereon adjacent to the left hand VIand the right hand VI, respectively, and the words Ante meridian andPost meridian on the left and right, respectively. The meridian-indexprojects from the dial immediately over the equatorial circle. Inconjunction with such dial and for the purpose of indicating times atall places a radiant is provided, consisting of a boss with twenty-fourpointers corresponding with the twenty-four time zones into which theface of the world is divided and an equatorial circle attached to theunder side of the pointers and also one minutehand indicating theminutes, which are universal. The radiant is attached to the centralarbor of the timekeeper or time-finder, and the usual hour-hand isattached over the radiant with a spring-tight action, so that thehour-hand can be set to the local time of the zone in which the radiantis being used for the time'being. The radiant with the hour-hand iscaused to perform one revolution in the course of twenty-four hours. Theminutes, which in zone-time calculations are universal, are marked onthe dial by dividing it, as usual, into sixty spaces, and one handindicates the minutes of time at all places. Each of the twenty-fourpointers is numbered to indicate the zone it applies to, and attached tothe under side of the pointers is the equatorial circle having the threehundred and sixty degrees marked thereon, as shown more particularly inFig. 2. Upon each pointer of the radiant it is convenient to place acircular or other plate or device containing the number of the zone andsometimes the principal place or places therein. This plate may invertical dials be attached by a pin or pivot, on which it hangs loosely,and may be weighted, so as to retain all the numbers or names inhorizontal position for reading. Upon each pointer or plate thelongitudes may be shown. As the radiant is rotated by the movement thehour-hand being set over the pointer of the local-time zone and set tolocal time will indicate the local time, and each of the twenty-fourpointers will simultaneously indicate the hour at the same period in itsrespective time zone, while the minute-hand revolving once in an hourindicates the min utes at all places. To get the time of any place inthe world, observe the number of the zone'in which it is situated. Thepointer correspondingly numbered is the hour-hand of that zone andindicates the hour, while the long hand indicates the minute.

The foregoing description applies chiefly to timekeepers. My inventionmay also be ap commercial purposes plied for educational or to findingthe times, respectively, at different places. It will also be evidentthat with and without movement attachments this invention may be adaptedto a great variety of purposes connected with practical, business, andscientific pursuits. For instance, a dial or diagram with radiant may beprinted on celluloid and placed in the back case of a watch, book, ordiary, or dials or diagrams and radi-' ants may be mounted and used uponan ordinary map or globe ruled in time zones or as office conveniencesand in a great variety of styles for many other purposes.

The words timekeeper and time-finder are used in this specification toindicate instruments, diagrams, and appliances used for indicating,recording, or measuring time or for showing zone-time at difierent partsof the earths surface and meridian, (noon.) The word radiant in thisspecification is used to mean the boss having twenty-four pointers andthe equatorial circle attached to the underside of the pointers.

Referring to Fig. 1, which represents the dial,the background is tonedfrom black at the lower or night XII to light shade or color at theupper-or noon XII. Upon this background is a white circle on which arepainted or otherwise marked a double set of Roman or other numerals I toXII. The minutes, which in zone-time calculations are universal, aremaked on the dial by the numbers 0 to 55 outside the hours, as usual.Upon an inner circle the solar hours are enumerated from 0 to 23', withsubdivisions of quarter, half, and three-quarters. A moon or disk isshown in white on the dark background adjacent to the night XII andhaving the word Night thereon, a sun or disk adjacent to the noon XIIhaving the word Noon upon it, a star upon the right hand having the wordEvening upon it, and a star on the left having the word Morning upon it.The left half of the dial is marked Ante meridian and the right halfPost meridian. The meridian-index projects from the dial immediatelyover the equatorial circle. The dial may be printed or painted in orupon metal, card, celluloid, or other material, the meridian-index beingcut and raised or else attached separately.

In the drawing Fig. 2 I have illustrated the radiant A which consists ofacentral boss having twenty-four pointers and an equatorial circleattached to the under side of the pointers. It can be cut or formed outof or printed upon aluminium, celluloid, card, or other material. Eachof the pointers has marked, either upon itself or upon a plate or ticketattached, its zone-number and, if desired, the principal place or placesin such zone. Each of the plates is attached by a pin or pivot, on whichit hangs loosely, and being weighted at the bottom retains the Writingin horizontal position for reading.

In the drawing Fig. 3, which represents the face of the timekeeper ortime-finder complete, the minute-hand is marked Universal minute and thehour-hand is marked Local hour.

In timekeepers the hands and radiant are operated by clockwork, theminute-hand is attached to a square arbor, and the hourhand is attachedto the hour-wheel arbor by a spring-tight attachment, while the radiantis attached rigidly to the hour-wheel arbor bya square socket,so that itcannot move except by the motion of the wheel. This is shown in Fig. 4.D is the hour-wheel, D a squared portion of the arbor which carries theradiant A, and D a round portion which carries the local-hour hand B,which is secured by the key-spring.

H in the annular slot D In the drawings the local-hour hand is setcoincident with the pointer of the time zone No. 9, in which Adelaide issituated. In time-finders as distinguished from timekeepers the hand Bis preferably formed in one piece with the radiant A,though'they may bemade separate,

, if desired, and the minute-hand G is attached to a free arbor orriveted or eyeleted to the dial, so as to be capable of adjustmentrelatively to the radiant or hour-hand.

In the drawing Fig. 5 is represented a folding case which contains onone side a map of the world with the twenty-four time zones markedthereon. Upon the other side is placed a time-finder, as hereinbeforedescribed.

In the drawing Fig. 6 is represented a globe upon which the twenty-fourtime zones are marked and a time-finder is fixed at the pole.

In this application of my invention the dial is held rigidly in positionby means of the rod or standard M, which carries the bearings of thecentral spindle of the globe and is pro-.

vided with suitable weighted foot. The globe is rigidly attached to itscentral spindle, to which also the radiant and local-hour hand arerigidly attached, but outside the dial. The minute-hand moves freelyupon the end of the spindle. In this case the numbers of the zones maybe dispensed with, as the map moves with the radiant.

In the drawing Fig. 7 is shown a time-finder, which ldispenses with thenecessity of referring to a time-zone map. Around the outer circle ofthe dial thereof is provided a radially-tabulated arrangement of thenames of the chief places in each of the twenty-four time zones, eachtable being numbered according to its zone position. In' the drawingsome of the names are inserted by way of illustration. By this the timein any of the chief places of the world can be found without any map. I

I would have it understood that I do not limit myself to the detailsherein set forth. A great variety of forms and styles may be adopted inthe construction and arrangement of dials and radiants according to theprinciple of my invention. c

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of thisinvention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I

declare that what I claim is- 1. A horological apparatus, comprising adial having hour-numerals in two sets 1 to 12, and solar-hour numeralsOto 23, produced thereon in concentriccircles, a radiant havingtwenty-four pointers corresponding to the twenty-four zones of time, apivoted and weighted plate on each pointer adapted to contain the numberof the zone and the principal place or places therein, an hour-wheelarbor, to which the radiant is secured, an hour-hand adj ustably securedto the arbor to rotate therewith, and-a minute-hand revolving once ineach hour, as set forth.

2. A horological apparatus, comprising a dial having hour-numerals intwo sets 1 to 12, and solar-hour numerals 0 to 23 produced thereon inconcentric circles, a radiant consisting oftwenty-four pointerscorresponding \Vitnesses:

CHARLES NICHOLAS CoLLIsorI, ARTHUR GORE OoLLIsoN.

